The effect of soybean tempeh milk and soybean tempeh youghurt on fatigue after maximal excercise

Misi Suci Wusono -  Program Studi Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Hardhono Susanto* -  Program Studi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Etika Ratna Noer -  Program Studi Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Muflihatul Muniroh -  Program Studi Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia
Diana Nur Afifah -  Program Studi Ilmu Gizi, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia

Supp. File(s): common.other common.other

Studies report skeletal muscle fatigue during repeated intense muscle contractions resulting from depletion of energy substrates, and accumulation of metabolic. Creatine kinase (CK) and lactic acid are enzymes that are directly related to energy metabolism. This study aims to analyze the differences of soy tempeh milk and soy tempeh yogurt on fatigue indicators, namely CK levels and lactic acid in subjects induced by maximum exercise. The subjects of this study used experimental animals, namely white rats with a total sample of 28 rats. The dose of soy tempeh milk and soy tempeh yogurt given was 4,2 ml/BW of rats while the soy tempeh yogurt was given was 4,4 ml/BW, each containing 3 grams of tempeh. Blood samples were tested using the Elisa method and the results were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The results of this study showed significant changes in serum CK and lactic acid after being given the intervention of soy tempeh milk and tempeh yogurt (p<0,05). Soy tempeh milk and soybean tempeh yogurt significantly suppressed the increase in CK and lactic acid in rats induced by maximum exercise. Both provide protein containing BCAAs which are a source of energy during exercise. Further clinical trials are needed to determine the effectiveness, safety, and side effects of soy tempeh milk or soy tempeh yogurt when given to humans.

Supplement Files

Keywords : Maximum exercise, Milk, Tempeh, Yogurt

  1. Brancaccio, P., Lippi, G., Ematochimica, U. O. D., & Ospedaliero-, A. (2010). Biochemical markers of muscular damage. 48(6), 757–767. https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2010.179
  2. Breen, L., Philp, A., Witard, O. C., Jackman, S. R., Selby, A., Smith, K., Baar, K., & Tipton, K. D. (2011). The influence of carbohydrate – protein co-ingestion following endurance exercise on myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis. The Physiological Society, 16, 4011–4025. https://doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2011.211888
  3. Chen, Y. M., Wei, L., Chiu, Y. S., Hsu, Y. J., Tsai, T. Y., Wang, M. F., & Huang, C. C. (2016). Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 supplementation improves exercise performance and increases muscle mass in mice. Nutrients, 8(4), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8040205
  4. Fedotovskaya, O. N., Popov, D. V., Vinogradova, O. L., & Akhmetov, I. I. (2012). Association of muscle-specific creatine kinase (CKMM) gene polymorphism with physical performance of athletes. Human Physiology, 38(1), 89–93. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0362119712010082
  5. Gobatto, C. A., De Mello, M. A. R., Sibuya, C. Y., De Azevedo, J. R. M., Dos Santos, L. A., & Kokubun, E. (2001). Maximal lactate steady state in rats submitted to swimming exercise. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - A Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 130(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1095-6433(01)00362-2
  6. Goh, Q., Boop, C. A., Luden, N. D., Smith, A. G., Womack, C. J., & Saunders, M. J. (2012). Recovery from cycling exercise: Effects of carbohydrate and protein beverages. Nutrients, 4(7), 568–584. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu4070568
  7. Hall, A. H., Leveritt, M. D., Ahuja, K. D. K., & Shing, C. M. (2013). Coingestion of carbohydrate and protein during training reduces training stress and enhances subsequent exercise performance. Applied Physiology, Nutrition and Metabolism, 38(6), 597–604. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0281
  8. Harper, A. E., Miller, R. H., & Block, K. P. (1984). Branched-chain amino acid metabolism.
  9. Harun, I., Susanto, H., & Rosidi, A. (2017). Pemberian tempe menurunkan kadar malondialdehyde (MDA) dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim superoxide dismutase (SOD) pada tikus dengan aktivitas fisik tinggi. Jurnal Gizi Dan Pangan, 12(3), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2017.12.3.211-216
  10. Hormoznejad, R., Zare Javid, A., & Mansoori, A. (2019). Effect of BCAA supplementation on central fatigue, energy metabolism substrate and muscle damage to the exercise: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Sport Sciences for Health, 15(2), 265–279. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-019-00542-4
  11. Jauhari, M., Sulaeman, A., Riyadi, H., & Ekayanti, I. (2014). Pengembangan formula minuman olahraga berbasis tempe untuk pemulihan kerusakan otot (Development of Tempe Based Sports Beverages for Muscles Damage Recovery). Jurnal Agritech, 34(03), 285. https://doi.org/10.22146/agritech.9456
  12. Jones, J. H. (2007). Resource Book for the Design of Animal Exercise Protocols. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 68(6), 583–583. https://doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.68.6.583
  13. Kennedy, M. D., Tamminen, K. A., & Holt, N. L. (2013). Factors that influence fatigue status in Canadian university swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 31(5), 554–564. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.738927
  14. Kenney, W. L., Wilmore, J. H., & Costill, D. L. (1995). Physiology of sport and exercise 5th edition. In Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
  15. Kim, D.-H., Kim, S.-H., Jeong, W.-S., & Lee, H.-Y. (2013). Effect of BCAA intake during endurance exercises on fatigue substances, muscle damage substances, and energy metabolism substances. Journal of Exercise Nutrition and Biochemistry, 17(4), 169–180. https://doi.org/10.5717/jenb.2013.17.4.169
  16. Melin, A. K., Heikura, I. A., Tenforde, A., & Mountjoy, M. (2019). Energy availability in athletics: Health, performance, and physique. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 29(2), 152–164. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0201
  17. Messina, M. (2016). Soy and health update: Evaluation of the clinical and epidemiologic literature. Nutrients, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8120754
  18. Moore, D. R., Camera, D. M., Areta, J. L., & Hawley, J. A. (2014). Beyond muscle hypertrophy: why dietary protein is important. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 11(February), 1–11.
  19. Nielsen, L. L. K., Lambert, M. N. T., & Jeppesen, P. B. (2020). The effect of ingesting carbohydrate and proteins on athletic performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051483
  20. Ra, S. G., Miya Zaki, T., Kojima, R., Komine, S., Ishikura, K., Kawanaka, K., Honda, A., Matsuzaki, Y., & Ohmori, H. (2018). Effect of BCAA supplement timing on exercise-induced muscle soreness and damage: A pilot placebo-controlled double-blind study. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(11), 1582–1591. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07638-1
  21. Reaburn, P., & Dascombe, B. (2009). Anaerobic performance in masters athletes. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 6(1), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-008-0041-6
  22. Ruben Wicaksono. (2016). Potensi Susu Tempe sebagai Bahan Dasar atau Campuran untuk Pembuatan Yoghurt ( The Potential of Tempe Extract as Base or Additional Material for Yoghurt Production ). 1–18.
  23. Sarma, A. Sen. (2018). Lactate Threshold Training for Athletes. International Journal of Physiology, Nutrition and Physical Education, 3(1), 196–198.
  24. Setiawan, M. I., Susanto, H., & Kartasurya, M. I. (2020). Milk protein consumption improves muscle performance and total antioxidant status in young soccer athletes: A randomized controlled trial. Medical Journal of Indonesia, 29(2), 164–171. https://doi.org/10.13181/mji.oa.202872
  25. She, P., Zhou, Y., Zhang, Z., Griffin, K., Gowda, K., & Lynch, C. J. (2010). Disruption of BCAA metabolism in mice impairs exercise metabolism and endurance. Journal of Applied Physiology, 108(4), 941–949. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01248.2009
  26. Shimomura, Y., Murakami, T., Nakai, N., Nagasaki, M., & Harris, R. A. (2004). Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: Effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. Journal of Nutrition, 134(6 SUPPL.), 1583–1587. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/134.6.1583s
  27. Stone, M. H., Stone, M. E., Sands, W. A., Pierce, K. C., Newton, R. U., Haff, G. G., & Carlock, J. (2006). Maximum strength and strength training - A relationship to endurance? Strength and Conditioning Journal, 28(3), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1519/00126548-200606000-00008
  28. Tang, F. C., & Chan, C. C. (2017). Contribution of branched-chain amino acids to purine nucleotide cycle: A pilot study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(5), 587–593. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.161
  29. Theofilidis, G., Bogdanis, G., Koutedakis, Y., & Karatzaferi, C. (2018). Monitoring Exercise-Induced Muscle Fatigue and Adaptations: Making Sense of Popular or Emerging Indices and Biomarkers. Sports, 6(4), 153. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040153
  30. Trinidad, J., Chacón, Q., Francisco, E., Meneses, E., Sierra Muñiz, G., Ramos-Jimenez, A., Reynoso Sánchez, F., Mendoza, J. M., & Cruz, G. H. (2018). Central and peripheral fatigue related to the type of exercise. Preprints, November, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints201811.0103.v1
  31. Yusni, Y., & Amiruddin, A. (2019). The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Muscular Fatigue in Professional Men’s Athletics. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 55(3), 171. https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i3.15493
  32. Zhou, W., Zeng, G., Lyu, C., Kou, F., Zhang, S., & Wei, H. (2019). The effect of exhaustive exercise on plasma metabolic profiles of male and female rats. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 18(2), 253–263.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2023 Misi Suci Wusono, Hardhono Susanto, Etika Ratna Noer, Muflihatul Muniroh, Diana Nur Afifah
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: [email protected]

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here