Prevalence and determinant factors of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) in pregnant women

Harna Harna* -  Program Studi Gizi Universitas Esa Unggul, Indonesia
Rahmawati Rahmawati -  Program Studi teknologi Pangan. Universitas SAHID, Indonesia
Andi Muh Asrul Irawan -  Program Studi Gizi, Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia, Indonesia
Mertien Sa’pang -  Pendidikan Profesi Dietician Univeritas Esa Unggul, Indonesia
DOI : 10.30867/action.v9i1.1443

Supp. File(s): Covering Letters Ethical Clearance Copyright Agreement Etika Publikasi

Pregnant women with Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) are prone to malnutrition due to prolonged imbalances in the intake of essential nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the risk of CED in pregnant women. This study had a quantitative, cross-sectional design and was conducted from June to August 2023 in the working area of the Parung Panjang Health Center, Bogor Regency. The sample size in this study was 140 pregnant women using purposive sampling. The respondents’ characteristics were obtained through questionnaire interviews. MUAC was collected through MUAC tape, dietary intake using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ) form, and hemoglobin through a rapid test. Analysis was performed using the chi-square statistical test at 95% CI. The results of this study showed that the prevalence of CED was 20,7%. There was a significant relationship between maternal age, parity, gestational age, history of infectious diseases, knowledge, energy, and protein adequacy and CED in pregnant women (p <0,05). There was no significant relationship between income, anemia status, fat and carbohydrate adequacy, and the occurrence of CED (p> 0,05). In conclusion, the determinants of CED include maternal age, parity, gestational age, history of infection, knowledge, energy, and protein intake.

Supplement Files

Keywords : Energy, CED, Parity, Protein

  1. Ahmad, A., Wagustina, S., Dwiriani, C. M., Estuti, W., Salfiyadi, T., Arnisam, A., & Fitrianingsih, E. (2022). The efficacy of nutrition education on anemia and upper arm circumference among pregnant women in Aceh Besar district of Indonesia during the covid-19 pandemic. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 17(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.25182/jgp.2022.17.1.27-36
  2. Al Rahmad, A. H. (2023). Scoping Review: The Role of Micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Iodine, Retinol, Folate) During Pregnancy. Jurnal Kesehatan Manarang, 9(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33490/jkm.v9i1.812
  3. Ambarwati, E., Ashar, H., Kumorojati, R., Yulinda, D., Utami, N., & Lestari, R. (2023). Effect of multiple micronutrient supplementation in pregnant women on infant birth weight. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 8(4), 579-587. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v8i4.1210
  4. Andini, F. R. (2020). Hubungan faktor sosio ekonomi dan usia kehamilan dengan kejadian kekurangan energi kronis pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Prambontergayang Kabupaten Tuban. Amerta Nutrition, 4(3), 218. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i3.2020.218-224
  5. Chakraborty, R., Bose, K., & Koziel, S. (2011). Use of mid-upper arm circumference in determining undernutrition and illness in rural adult oraon men of Gumla district, Jharkhand, India. Rural and Remote Health, 11(3), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.22605/RRH1754
  6. de Kok, B., Argaw, A., Hanley-Cook, G., Toe, L. C., Ouédraogo, M., Dailey-Chwalibóg, T., Diop, L., Becquey, E., Kolsteren, P., & Lachat, C. (2021). Fortified balanced energy-protein supplements increase nutrient adequacy without displacing food intake in pregnant women in rural Burkina Faso. The Journal of Nutrition, 151(12), 3831–3840. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxab289
  7. Dharma, I. P. P. S. (2019). Multiparitas sebagai faktor risiko kejadian kurang energi kronis (kek) pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Biduk-Biduk Kabupaten Berau. Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology Science, 2(2), 111–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/obgynia.v2n2.160
  8. Ekowati, D., Ani, L. S., & Windiani, I. G. A. T. (2017). High parity and chronic energy deficiency increase risk for low birth weight in Situbondo District. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive, 5(1), 28–32. https://doi.org/10.15562/phpma.v5i1.38
  9. Febrianti, R., Riya, R., & Sumiati, S. (2020). Status ekonomi dan tingkat pendidikan dengan kejadian KEK ibu hamil di Puskesmas. Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist), 15(3), 395–399. https://doi.org/10.36911/pannmed.v15i3.798
  10. Fitrianingtyas, I., Pertiwi, F. D., & Rachmania, W. (2018). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian kurang energi kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Warung Jambu Kota Bogor. Hearty: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.32832/hearty.v6i2.1275
  11. Hamzah, D. F. (2017). Analisis faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Langsa Kota Kota Langsa Provinsi Aceh tahun 2016. JUMANTIK (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Kesehatan), 2(2), 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jumantik.v2i2.1121
  12. Harna, H., Muliani, E. Y., Sa’pang, M., Dewanti, L. P., & Irawan, A. M. A. (2020). Prevalensi dan determinan kejadian anemia ibu hamil. JIK (Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan), 4(2), 78–83. https://doi.org/10.33757/jik.v4i2.289
  13. Harna, H., Rahmawati, R., & Hosizah, H. (2022). Pelatihan pembuatan makanan tambahan ibu hamil kek berbasis pangan lokal singkong di Puskesmas Parung Panjang, Kabupaten Bogor. E-Amal: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(3), 1637–1644. https://doi.org/10.47492/eamal.v2i3.2006
  14. Harna, H., Swamilaksita, P. D., Sa’pang, M., & Irawan, A. M. A. (2023). The development of cookies from modified cassava flour with soy isolate protein (ISP) substitution as an alternative supplementary food for pregnant women with CED. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 6(2), 1752–1758. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V6-i2-95
  15. Humairoh, M., Hamid, S. A., & Amalia, R. (2023). Hubungan pengetahuan, jarak kehamilan, dan paritas dengan kejadian kekurangan energi kronik (KEK) di Puskesmas Muara Burnai Kecamatan Lempuing Jaya Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ilir tahun 2022. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 23(2), 2101–2106. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v23i2.3148
  16. Iskandar, I., Rachmawati, R., Ichsan, I., & Khazanah, W. (2022). Perbaikan gizi pada ibu hamil kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) melalui pendampingan pemberian makanan tambahan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Lampisang Aceh Besar. Jurnal PADE: Pengabdian & Edukasi, 4(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.30867/pade.v4i1.900
  17. Izzati, R. F., & Mutalazimah, M. (2022). Energy, protein intake, and chronic energy deficiency in pregnant women: a critical review. International Conference on Health and Well-Being (ICHWB 2021), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.220403.010
  18. Kemenkes RI. (2018). Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) nasional 2007. Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes, Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
  19. Kominiarek, M. A., & Rajan, P. (2016). Nutrition recommendations in pregnancy and lactation. Medical Clinics, 100(6), 1199–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2016.06.004
  20. Mahirawati, V. K. (2014). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Kamoning dan Tambelangan, Kabupaten Sampang Jawa Timur. Buletin Penelitian Sistem Kesehatan, 17(2), 193–202.
  21. Mijayanti, R., Sagita, Y. D., Fauziah, N. A., & Fara, Y. D. (2020). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kurang energi kronik (KEK) pada ibu hamil di UPT Puskesmas Rawat Inap Sukoharjo Kabupaten Pringsewu tahun 2020. Jurnal Maternitas Aisyah (JAMAN AISYAH), 1(3), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.32832/pro.v4i3.5589
  22. Murray, R. K., Murray, R. K., Grenner, D. K., Grenner, D. K., Rodwell, V. W., & Rodwell, V. W. (2009). Biokimia harper. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran.
  23. Mutalazimah, M., Wijaya, Y. A., & Suswardany, D. L. (2020). Energy, protein intake and mid-upper arm circumference in pregnant women in Boyolali Regency, Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 16(6).
  24. Nugraha, R. N., Lalandos, J. L., & Nurina, R. L. (2019). Hubungan jarak kehamilan dan jumlah paritas dengan kejadian kurang energi kronik (KEK) pada ibu hamil di Kota Kupang. Cendana Medical Journal (CMJ), 7(2), 273–280. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35508/cmj.v7i2.1800
  25. Nurbaiti, N. (2023). Use of reminder box for the amount of iron tablet consumption in pregnant women. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 8(2), 149-154. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v8i2.637
  26. Pratiwi, V., Pabidang, S., & Waryana, W. (2023). Hubungan antara kejadian kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) dan anemia pada ibu hamil dengan panjang badan lahir pendek di Kabupaten Sleman. Jurnal Ners, 7(1), 293–302. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v7i1.13261
  27. Rahmah, H., Nurlinda, A., & Kurnaesih, E. (2022). The effect of supplementary feeding on body weight of pregnant women who have chronic energy deficiency in Indonesia. Journal of Aafiyah Health Research (JAHR), 3(1), 44–51. https://doi.org/10.26753/jsrhs.v1i2.788
  28. Rosita, U., & Rusmimpong, R. (2022). Hubungan paritas dan umur ibu hamil dengan kejadian kekurangan energi kronik di Desa Simpang Limbur Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simpang Limbur. Nursing Care and Health Technology Journal (NCHAT), 2(2), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.56742/nchat.v2i2.41
  29. Sari, A. P., Ibrahim, R., & Jingsung, J. (2023). Hubungan umur dan paritas dengan kejadian kekurangan energi kronik pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Pondidaha Kabupaten Konawe. Journal Pelita Sains Kesehatan, 3(4), 32–39.
  30. Suryani, L., Riski, M., Sari, R. G., & Listiono, H. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kekurangan energi kronik pada ibu hamil. Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi, 21(1), 311–316. https://doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v21i1.1117
  31. Teguh, N. A., Hapsari, A., Dewi, P. R. A., & Aryani, P. (2019). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kurang energi kronis (KEK) pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas I Pekutatan, Jembrana, Bali. Intisari Sains Medis, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.15562/ism.v10i3.432

Open Access Copyright (c) 2024 Harna, Rahmawati, Andi Muh Asrul Irawan, Mertien Sa’pang
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: jurnal6121@gmail.com

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here