Pengaruh edukasi gizi dengan media ceramah dan video animasi terhadap pengetahuan sikap dan perilaku sarapan serta konsumsi sayur buah

Muhammad Arif Azhari -  Program Stud Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Binawan, Jln. Dewi Sartika-Kalibata Raya, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia
Adhila Fayasari* -  Program Stud Gizi, Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Binawan, Jln. Dewi Sartika-Kalibata Raya, Jakarta Timur, Indonesia
DOI : 10.30867/action.v5i1.203

Consumption of fruits and vegetables is one of the requirements in meeting the requirements of balanced nutrition. Consumption of fruits and vegetables of the Indonesian population is still below the recommended number, higher in children at school age or teenagers. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of nutrition education with lecture media and animated videos on knowledge about diet and consumption of fruit. The study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group, which was carried out in February-March 2019. Subjects are grade VII students of SMPN 281, which collected by purposive sampling of 60 subjects and divided into two groups, (Lecture and Video group). Data analyses used independent t-test, or Mann-Whitney and paired t-test or Wilcoxon with 99% CI. There was a significant increase in the knowledge of both groups. There was no difference in knowledge (p=0,646), type of breakfast (p= 0,810), there were differences in attitude (p=0,005), vegetable consumption (p=0,000), fruit consumption (p=0,024), breakfast frequency (p=0,013) between two groups. There was a significance difference in nutrition education on attitudes and eating habits, and consumption of fruits and vegetables, between video group and lecturer, and video were more likely to be effective as education media than lecturer.

 

Konsumsi buah dan sayur serta sarapan merupakan salah satu syarat dalam memenuhi pola makan sehat berpedoman gizi seimbang. Konsumsi buah dan sayur penduduk Indonesia masih di bawah anjuran yang kecukupan, terutama pada anak usia sekolah atau remaja. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur pengaruh edukasi gizi dengan media ceramah dan video animasi terhadap pengetahuan sikap dan perilaku sarapan serta konsumsi sayur buah. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest-posttest control group, yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari - Maret 2019. Subyek penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII SMPN 281 terdiri atas dua kelompok, yakni kelompok media ceramah dan media video animasi, dengan total 60 siswa. Analisis data menggunakan uji independent t-test atau mann-whitney dan paired t-test atau Wilcoxon test serta McNemar test pada CI:99%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengetahuan siswa meningkat setelah mendapatkan edukasi, baik pada kelompok ceramah maupun video animasi. Tidak terdapat perbedaan pengetahuan (p=0,646) dan jenis sarapan (p=0,810), tetapi terdapat perbedaan sikap (p=0,005), konsumsi sayur (p=0,000), konsumsi buah (p=0,024) dan frekuensi sarapan (p=0,013) antara siswa yang diberikan edukasi gizi dengan media ceramah dan media video animasi. Kesimpulan, edukasi gizi berpengaruh terhadap sikap dan perilaku sarapan dan konsumsi sayur-buah, serta edukasi lebih efektif dibandingkan media video.

Keywords : Edukasi gizi; konsumsi buah dan sayur; sarapan

  1. WHO. Healthy diet. Newsroom/Fact sheets. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/healthy-diet. Published 2018. Accessed September 11, 2019.
  2. Kemenkes RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 75 Tahun 2013: Tentang Angka Kecukupan Gizi Yang Dianjurkan Bagi Bangsa Indonesia. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 2013:5-10.
  3. https://peraturan.bkpm.go.id/jdih/userfiles/batang/PMK No. 75 ttg Angka Kecukupan Gizi Bangsa Indonesia.pdf.
  4. WHO. Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health: Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world. Diet, Physical Activity & Health.
  5. https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en/. Published 2013. Accessed September 11, 2019.
  6. WHO. Noncommunicable diseases and their risk factors: Global school-based student health survey (GSHS). Noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/ncds/surveillance/gshs/en/. Published 2015. Accessed June 4, 2019.
  7. Hardinsyah H, Aries M. Jenis pangan sarapan dan perannya dalam asupan gizi harian anak usia 6—12 tahun di indonesia. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan. 2012;7(2):89-96.
  8. DepKes. Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskedas) Indonesia Tahun 2007. Jakarta; 2008.
  9. Balitbangkes. Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2013. Pertama. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.; 2013. doi:arXiv:1011.1669v3.
  10. Balitbangkes. Laporan Riset Kesehatan Dasar Tahun 2018. Jakarta; 2018.
  11. Al Rahmad AH, Almunadia A. Pemanfaatan Media Flipchart dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah. Jurnal Kedokteran Syiah Kuala. 2017;17(3):140-146. doi:https://doi.org/10.24815/jks.v17i3.9062.
  12. WHO. Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption around the world. Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. World Health Organization: Geneva, Switzerland. https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/fruit/en/ . Published 2003. Accessed August 2, 2019.
  13. WHO. Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption to reduce the risk of noncommunicable diseases. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). https://www.who.int/elena/titles/fruit_vegetables_ncds/en/ . Published 2019. Accessed August 12, 2019.
  14. Chandio MT, Pandhiani SM, Iqbal S. Bloom’s taxonomy: Improving assessment and teaching-learning process. Journal of Education and Educational Development. 2016;3(2):203-221. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v3i2.1034.
  15. Setiawati S, Dermawan AC. Proses Pembelajaran Dalam Pendidikan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Trans info media; 2008.
  16. Safitri NRD, Fitranti DY. Pengaruh edukasi gizi dengan ceramah dan booklet terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap gizi remaja overweight. Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kedokteran, Program Studi Ilmu Gizi. 2016.
  17. Sekti RM, Fayasari A. Edukasi Gizi dengan Media Audiovisual terhadap Pola Konsumsi Sayur Buah pada Remaja SMP di Jakarta Timur. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2019;1(2):77-88.
  18. Van Duyn MAS, Kristal AR, Dodd K, Campbell MK, Subar AF, Stables G, Nebeling L, Glanz K. Association of awareness, intrapersonal and interpersonal factors, and stage of dietary change with fruit and vegetable consumption: a national survey. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2001;16(2):69-78. doi:https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-16.2.69.
  19. Flikkema RM, Toledo-Pereyra LH. Sample Size Determination in Medical and Surgical Research. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research. 2012;25(1):3-7. doi:10.3109/08941939.2011.648868.
  20. Farisa S. Hubungan sikap, Pengetahuan, Ketersediaan dan Keterpaparan Media Massa dengan Konsumsi Buah dan sayur pada siswa SMPN 8 depok Tahun 2012. Universitas Indonesia, Depok. 2012.
  21. Wahyuningsih SN, Nisa FZ, Tsani AFA, Gz S. Pengaruh Penyuluhan dengan Media Buku Cerita Bergambar Terhadap Konsumsi Sayur dan Buah Pada Anak SD Kelas V. Fakultas Kedokteran, Prodi Ilmu Gizi, Universitas Gadjah Mada. 2016.
  22. Waryana W, Sitasari A, Febritasanti DW. Intervensi media video berpengaruh pada pengetahuan dan sikap remaja putri dalam mencegah kurang energi kronik. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal. 2019;4(1):58-62. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/action.v4i1.154.
  23. Novelinda R. Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Dengan Metode Video Dan Booklet Terhadap Perubahan Perilaku Konsumsi Buah Dan Sayur Pada Siswa MTsN 1 Kota Padang Tahun 2018. Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, Universitas Andalas. 2018.
  24. Najimi A, Ghaffari M. Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption among students: a randomized controlled trial based on social cognitive theory. J Pak Med Assoc. 2013;63(10):1235-1240.
  25. Rahman W, Setyowati DL, Ifroh RH. Effect of Health Education of Safety Riding Using Audiovisual Media on Knowledge, Attitudes and Subjective Norms of Junior High School Students in Samarinda Indonesia. Public Health of Indonesia. 2019;5(3):54-61.
  26. Martos-Cabrera MB, Mota-Romero E, Martos-García R, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Suleiman-Martos N, Albendín-García L. Hand Hygiene Teaching Strategies among Nursing Staff: A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(17):3039. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173039.
  27. De Leeuw A, Valois P, Ajzen I, Schmidt P. Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students: Implications for educational interventions. Journal of environmental psychology. 2015;42(3):128-138. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.03.005.

Open Access Copyright (c) 2020 Muhammad Arif Azhari, Adhila Fayasari
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: [email protected]

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here