Risk factors for preeclampsia: A case-control study in Makassar City and Gowa Regency, Indonesia

Andi Sitti Rahma* -  School of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
Rini Fitriani -  School of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
Sari Ifdiana Jalal -  RSUD Haji Makassar, Indonesia
Syarifah Intan Nurfitri -  School of Medicine, Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makassar, Indonesia
DOI : 10.30867/action.v11i2.2505

Preeclampsia remains a serious pregnancy complication with a high prevalence in Indonesia. This case-control study, conducted in Makassar City and Gowa Regency (August–December 2024), aimed to analyze the risk factors for preeclampsia in 78 pregnant women (>20 weeks gestation), diagnosed based on hypertension and proteinuria. Data on obstetric history, diet (FFQ), and anthropometrics were collected, including serum zinc levels measured using ELISA. Independent t-tests indicated a significantly higher pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index (BMI) in the preeclampsia group (p<0.05). A Chi-square test revealed that a history of preeclampsia served as an absolute predictor within this sample (95% CI: ∞). Multivariate Binary Logistic Regression showed that Weight Gain was the only statistically significant independent risk factor for preeclampsia incidence (p=0.045), with the risk category yielding an Odds Ratio (OR) of 2.928 (95% CI: 1.022–8.387). Other variables, including BMI, were not significant (p>0.05). Dietary patterns (fish intake) also showed an association with preeclampsia in preeclampsia women (p=0,022; OR 9.909 and 95% CI 1.396-70.348). The conclusion is that a history of preeclampsia is an absolute predictor in this study sample. There was a relationship between weight gain during pregnancy and fish intake with the incidence of preeclampsia in the study area.

Keywords : Preeclampsia, body mass index, weight gain, food pattern

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Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Andi Sitti Rahma, Rini Fitriani, Sari Ifdiana Jalal, Syarifah Intan Nurfitri
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