The association between household food security, dietary diversity, and stunting among toddlers in West Bandung Regency

Yasmin Putri Prasanti -  Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Education and Health, Indonesian University of Education, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Asti Dewi Rahayu F* -  Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Education and Health, Indonesian University of Education, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Widya Astuti -  Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Education and Health, Indonesian University of Education, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
Ahdiyatul Fauza -  Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Sports Education and Health, Indonesian University of Education, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia

Stunting remains a major public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Cihanjuang Rahayu Village, West Bandung Regency, where a high prevalence of stunting coincides with a declining food-security index. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between household food security, dietary diversity, and the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24–59 months. A cross-sectional design was employed, involving 94 toddlers selected through proportional stratified random sampling method. Toddler height was measured using a stature meter and analyzed using WHO Anthro software. Household food security was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and dietary diversity was measured using a 24-hour recall and the Household Dietary Diversity Score (HDDS). Logistic regression analysis (SPSS v29) was conducted to control for potential confounders. Results: The prevalence of stunting in the study area was 30.9%. Food insecurity was significantly associated with stunting (p = 0.022; OR = 3.130; 95% CI: 1.182–8.284), as was low dietary diversity (p = 0.009; OR = 5.881; 95% CI: 1.564–22.107). In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of improving household food access and dietary quality through targeted family based nutrition education and community-level interventions to effectively reduce the prevalence of stunting.

Keywords : Dietary Diversity, Early Childhood, Food Security, Nutrition Determinants, Stunting, Toddlers

  1. Aditianti, A., Raswanti, I., Sudikno, S., Izwardy, D., & Irianto, S. E. (2020). Prevalensi dan faktor risiko stunting pada balita 24-59 bulan di Indonesia: Analisis Data Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018. Penelitian Gizi Dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research), 43(2), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.22435/pgm.v43i2.3862
  2. Agbadi, P., Urke, H. B., & Mittelmark, M. B. (2017). Household food security and adequacy of child diet in the food insecure region north in Ghana. PloS One, 12(5), e0177377. https://doi.org/10.47178/jkip.v3i3.99
  3. Agho, K. E., Mukabutera, C., Mukazi, M., Ntambara, M., Mbugua, I., Dowling, M., & Kamara, J. K. (2019). Moderate and severe household food insecurity predicts stunting and severe stunting among Rwanda children aged 6–59 months residing in Gicumbi district. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 15(3), e12767. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12767
  4. Amrullah, E. R., Pullaila, A., Hidayah, I., & Rusyiana, A. (2020). Dampak bantuan langsung tunai terhadap ketahanan pangan rumah tangga di Indonesia. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 38(2), 91–104. https://doi.org/10.21082/jae.v38n1.2020
  5. Ardianti, A. D., & Sumarmi, S. (2023). Keragaman pangan balita dan pengeluaran pangan sebagai faktor risiko stunting pada balita. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 4(4), 5974–5982. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v4i4.20558
  6. Aritonang, E. A., Margawati, A., & Dieny, F. F. (2020). Analisis pengeluaran pangan, ketahanan pangan dan asupan zat gizi anak bawah dua tahun (BADUTA) sebagai faktor risiko stunting. Journal of Nutrition College, 9(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v9i1.26584
  7. Arlius, A., Sudargo, T., & Subejo, S. (2017b). Hubungan ketahanan pangan keluarga dengan status gizi balita (Studi di Desa Palasari Dan Puskesmas Kecamatan Legok, Kabupaten Tangerang). Jurnal Ketahanan Nasional, 23(3), 359. https://doi.org/10.22146/jkn.25500
  8. Basri, H., Hadju, V., Zulkifli, A., Syam, A., Ansariadi, Stang, Indriasari, R., & Helmiyanti, S. (2021). Dietary diversity, dietary patterns and dietary intake are associated with stunted children in Jeneponto District, Indonesia. Gaceta Sanitaria, 35, S483–S486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2021.10.077
  9. Dewanti, S. (2020). Keragaman konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Kawistara, 10(3), 282–294. https://doi.org/10.22146/kawistara.46787
  10. Djauhari, T. (2017). Gizi dan 1000 HPK. Saintika Medika, 13(2), 125–133. https://doi.org/10.22219/sm.v13i2.5554
  11. Fairuza, N. L., Elvandari, M., & Kurniasari, R. (2023). Berat lahir bayi, kepemilikan JKN dan kebiasaan merokok dengan balita stunting di Puskesmas Anggadita, Karawang. Media Publikasi Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia (MPPKI), 6(10), 1969–1974. https://doi.org/10.56338/mppki.v6i10.3687
  12. Fajriani, F., Aritonang, E. Y., & Nasution, Z. (2020). Hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan gizi seimbang keluarga dengan status gizi anak balita usia 2-5 tahun. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(01), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.33221/jikm.v9i01.470
  13. Fauziyah, R. N. (2019). Analisis Data Menggunakan Multiple Logistic Regression Test di Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat dan Klinis. Politeknik Kesehatan Bandung.
  14. Handini, L. S., Seliana, I., Febriawan, Z., Sari, L. N., Santoso, S. N., Yudinda, S. C., Nahya, F. A. N., Novendra, G., Syahbaa, Z. B. B., & Arianti, N. R. (2024). Association between household food security and nutritional status among children age under 5 years in Flood Prone Area, Sukolilo, Surabaya. CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.37148/comphijournal.v5i2.253
  15. Husna, A., Willis, R., Rahmi, N., & Fahkrina, D. (2023). Hubungan pendapatan keluarga dan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-36 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukajaya Kota Sabang. Journal of Healthcare Technology And Medicine, 9(1), 583–592. https://doi.org/10.33143/jhtm.v9i1.2874
  16. Karlina, K., Hidayanti, L., & Atmadja, T. F. A. G. (2023). Hubungan keragaman konsumsi pangan dan asupan zat gizi dengan kejadian stunting pada balita usia 24-59 bulan. Nutrition Scientific Journal, 2(1), 59–72. https://doi.org/10.37058/nsj.v2i1.5803
  17. Kemenkes RI. (2022, April 4). Buku Saku Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/uploads/contents/attachments/09fb5b8ccfdf088080f2521ff0b4374f.pdf
  18. Kemenkes RI. (2023, Juni 6). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1rjNDG_f8xG6-Y9wmhJUnXhJ-vUFevVJC/view
  19. Khasanah, P. W. Z., & Sumarmi, S. (2024). Faktor Sosial budaya yang mempengaruhi keragaman konsumsi pangan pada balita. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 5(3), 9401–9410. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v5i3.32196
  20. Kholidah, L. N., Pangestuti, D. R., Lisnawati, N., & Asna, A. F. (2023). The effect of food accessibility on family food preference practices in Semarang during a Pandemic. Amerta Nutrition, 7. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v7i2SP.2023.238-246
  21. Lemaking, V. B., Manimalai, M., & Djogo, H. M. A. (2022). Hubungan pekerjaan ayah, pendidikan ibu, pola asuh, dan jumlah anggota keluarga dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di Kecamatan Kupang Tengah, Kabupaten Kupang. Ilmu Gizi Indonesia, 5(2), 123–132. https://doi.org/10.35842/ilgi.v5i2.254
  22. Lestari, R. R., Zurrahmi, Z. R., & Hardianti, S. (2023). Pengaruh riwayat pemberian asi eksklusif dengan kejadian stunting pada ibu balita usia 6-24 bulan di Desa Gading Sari Kecamatan Tapung Tahun 2022. Jurnal Ners, 7(1), 372–377. https://doi.org/10.31004/jn.v7i1.12167
  23. Mank, I., Vandormael, A., Traoré, I., Ouédraogo, W. A., Sauerborn, R., & Danquah, I. (2020). Dietary habits associated with growth development of children aged< 5 years in the Nouna Health and Demographic Surveillance System, Burkina Faso. Nutrition Journal, 19, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-020-00591-3
  24. Mumtaza, M. (2024). Hubungan ketahanan pangan dan keragaman pangan dengan kejadian stunting balita usia 24-59 Bulan. Media Gizi Kesmas, 13(1), 93–101. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v13i1.2024.93-101
  25. Muslih, M. (2021). Peran ibu dalam melatih pengamalan beragama pada anak di lingkungan keluarga. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 2(1), 162–170. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v2i1.103
  26. Naibaho, E., & Aritonang, E. Y. (2022). Hubungan pendapatan dan pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan ketahanan pangan keluarga di Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah. Tropical Public Health Journal, 2(1), 18–23. https://doi.org/10.32734/trophico.v2i1.8654
  27. P2PTM Kemenkes RI. (2018, April 9). 1 dari 3 balita di Indonesia derita stunting. P2PTM Kemenkes RI. http://www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/artikel-sehat/1-dari-3-balita-indonesia-derita-stunting
  28. Prasetyo, A., Davidson, S. M., Pratiwi, T., Sanubari, E., & Davidson, S. M. (2023). Hubungan keragaman pangan individu dan status gizi anak 2-5 tahun di Desa Batur, Kecamatan Getasan, Kabupaten Semarang. Amerta Nutrition, , 7, 343–349. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v7i3.2023.343-349
  29. Prastia, T. N., & Listyandini, R. (2020). Keragaman pangan berhubungan dengan stunting pada anak usia 6-24 bulan. HEARTY: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.32832/hearty.v8i1.3631
  30. Priyono, P. (2020). Strategi percepatan penurunan stunting perdesaan (Studi Kasus Pendampingan Aksi Cegah Stunting di Desa Banyumundu, Kabupaten Pandeglang). Jurnal Good Governance. https://doi.org/10.32834/gg.v16i2.198
  31. Pujiati, S., Pertiwi, A., Silfia, C. C., Ibrahim, D. M., & Hafida, S. H. N. (2020). Analisis ketersediaan, keterjangkauan dan pemanfaatan pangan dalam mendukung tercapainya ketahanan pangan masyarakat di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.20956/jsep.v16i2.10493
  32. Rahmatika, T., Pangestuti, D., & Asna, A. (2024). Hubungan ketahanan pangan, pola asuh, dan tingkat kecukupan gizi dengan kejadian stunting balita 6-59 bulan di Puskesmas Dawe, Kabupaten Kudus. Amerta Nutrition https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i3SP.2024.82-93
  33. Safitri, C. A., & Susila Nindya, T. (2017). Hubungan ketahanan pangan dan penyakit diare dengan stunting pada balita 13-48 bulan di Kelurahan Manyar Sabrangan, Surabaya. Amerta Nutrition. 23–33. https://doi.org/10.2473/amnt.v1i2.2017.52-61
  34. Shahzad, M. A., Razzaq, A., Qing, P., Rizwan, M., & Faisal, M. (2022). Food availability and shopping channels during the disasters: Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed peoples’ online food purchasing behavior? International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 83, 103443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103443
  35. Siregar, F. R., Martianto, D., & Tanziha, I. (2023). Analisis pengeluaran pangan dan non pangan, pola konsumsi, dan asupan energi dan protein di provinsi jawa timur sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal SAGO Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 5(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v5i1.1188
  36. Utami, N. H., & Mubasyiroh, R. (2020). Keragaman makanan dan hubungannya dengan status gizi balita: Analisis Survei Konsumsi Makanan Individu (SKMI). Gizi Indonesia, 43(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v43i1.467
  37. Verawati, B., Afrinis, N., & Yanto, N. (2021). Hubungan asupan protein dan ketahanan pangan dengan kejadian stunting pada balita di masa pendemi Covid 19. Prepotif Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.31004/prepotif.v5i1.1586
  38. Wardani, Z., Sukandar, D., Baliwati, Y. F., & Riyadi, H. (2021). Sebuah alternatif: indeks stunting sebagai evaluasi kebijakan intervensi balita stunting di Indonesia. Gizi Indonesia, 44(1), 21–30. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v44i1.535

Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Yasmin Putri Prasanti, Asti Dewi Rahayu F, Widya Astuti, Ahdiyatul Fauza
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: jurnal6121@gmail.com

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here