Comparison of food waste using the PDAT and comstock methods in inpatients in Bengkulu

Repa Ghina Sonia -  Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Bengkulu, Indonesia
Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak* -  Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Bengkulu, Indonesia
Desri Suryani -  Politeknik Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan Bengkulu, Indonesia
DOI : 10.30867/action.v11i2.2789

Food waste is an indicator of the quality of hospital nutritional services. A high percentage of waste indicates low patient intake and may affect the nutritional status and recovery. This study was conducted in May 2025 at Harapan Dan Doa Hospital, Bengkulu City, in the Safa, Marwah, and Mina wards, where food waste exceeded the standard (<20%). This study aimed to compare the Pictorial Dietary Assessment Tool (PDAT) and Comstock methods for measuring patient food waste. A descriptive cross-sectional design was applied to 50 inpatients selected through accidental sampling method. Data were collected through observation using both methods. The Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze differences, and sensitivity and specificity were assessed using cross-tabulation. The results showed no significant differences between the two methods across all food categories (p > 0.05). PDAT was considered more accurate because it uses photographs of meals before and after consumption, making the assessment more objective. Meanwhile, Comstock relies on visual estimates, which may introduce bias. Both methods had high sensitivity (>80%), indicating good agreement. In conclusion, the PDAT and Comstock tools are suitable for evaluating patient food waste and monitoring the quality of nutrition services in hospitals.

Keywords : Comstock method, PDAT method, plate waste

  1. Abiad, M. G., Hoteit, M., Khattar, M., Fattouh, F., Malli, D., Antar, E., El Cheikh Mohammad, J., Badereddine, N., El Khatib, S., & Hassan, H. F. (2025). Beyond the tray: Analyzing hospital plate waste for economic and environmental sustainability. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 9(March). https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2025.1516331
  2. Afriza, R., & Puteri, H. S. (2018). Buku ajar (M. Ilham & A. Faisal, Eds.). PT Nuansa Fajar Cemerlang.
  3. Arifa, F., Indria, D. M., Dewi, A. R., Pola, S., & Sembiring, K. (2023). Uji sensitivitas dan spesifisitas penggunaan aplikasi digital “Color Blind Test” dalam skrining penglihatan warna. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan dan Kedokteran, 1(1), 1–10. https://jim.unisma.ac.id/index.php/jkkfk/article/viewFile/22661/16962
  4. Budiningsari, D., Shahar, S., Abdul Manaf, Z., & Susetyowati, S. (2016). A simple dietary assessment tool to monitor food intake of hospitalized adult patients. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9, 311–322. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S105000
  5. Budiningsari, D., Shahar, S., Manaf, Z. A., Nordin, N. A. M., & Susetyowati, S. (2018). Evaluation of pictorial dietary assessment tool for hospitalized patients with diabetes: Cost, accuracy, and user satisfaction analysis. Nutrients, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010027
  6. Budiningsari, D., Syahrian, F., Susetyowati, S., & Pangastuti, R. (2023). Evaluasi penggunaan metode foto digital untuk pemantauan asupan makanan pasien di rumah sakit. Gizi Indonesia, 46(1), 23–34. https://doi.org/10.36457/gizindo.v46i1.723
  7. Cook, N., Goodwin, D., Porter, J., & Collins, J. (2023). Food and food-related waste management strategies in hospital food services: A systematic review. Nutrition and Dietetics, 80(2), 116–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/1747-0080.12768
  8. Emiliana, Dhesa, D. B., & Mayangsari, R. (2021). Analisis pelaksanaan pelayanan gizi rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Bahteramas Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jurnal Ilmiah Karya Kesehatan, 2(1), 22. https://stikesks-kendari.e-journal.id/jikk
  9. Fadilla, C., Rachmah, Q., & Juwariyah, J. (2020). Gambaran sisa makanan pasien rawat inap RSUD Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Amerta Nutrition, 4(3), 198–204. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt
  10. Faridi, A., Trisutrisno, I., Irawan, A. M. A., Lusiana, S. A., Alfiah, E., Rahmawati, L. A., … Sinaga, T. R. (2022). Survey konsumsi gizi (Nomor 1). Yayasan Kita Menulis. http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/id/eprint/14474/1/FullBook%20Survei%20Konsumsi%20Gizi%20_April%202022.pdf
  11. Fiori, F., Menis, D., Cautero, P., Zago, D., Driutti, M., Lesa, L., … Parpinel, M. (2025). Plate waste in hospital canteens: A nutritional and environmental analysis in north-eastern Italy. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12(May), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1542280
  12. Izzah, N., & Nurulfuadi. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan sisa makanan pasien rawat inap di RSUD Sultan Suriyah Kota Banjarmasin. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 13(4), 676–692. https://repository.unsri.ac.id/157474/3/RAMA_14201_04021282025076_0011047502_0017077301_01_front_ref.pdf
  13. Jannah, M., Aji, A. S., Sari, P., & Afifah, E. (2024). Journal of Global Nutrition (JGN). Journal of Global Nutrition, 4(1), 314–322. https://jurnal.isagi.or.id/index.php/jgn/article/view/84
  14. Lestari, R. H., Ayuningtyas, P. R., Pratiwi, A. A., & Prasetyo, A. (2023). Analisis sisa makanan terhadap kepuasan pelayanan makanan pada pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Islam Jemursari Surabaya. Media Gizi Kesmas, 12(2), 937–946. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v12i2.2023.937-946
  15. Mumpuni, E., & Saniyah, M. (2021). Analisis food waste pasien rawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Ibnu Sina Kabupaten Gresik. Ghidza Media Jurnal, 3(1), 202. https://doi.org/10.30587/ghidzamediajurnal.v3i1.3106
  16. Muntaqoh, C. D., S, D. N., & Prayitno, S. A. (2025). Faktor jumlah sisa makanan bubur halus pada pasien ruang Bougenvielle 4 di RSUD dr. Soegiri Lamongan. Ghidza Media Jurnal, 6(April), 16–28. https://doi.org/10.30587/ghidzamediajurnal.v6i1.9430
  17. Qodriatika, A. N., & Nafies, A. D. (2024). Hubungan antara daya terima makanan dengan sisa makanan biasa. Nutrition Journal, 1. https://nutritionjournal.my.id/index.php/NNet/index
  18. Saputri, L. (2022). Perbandingan sisa makanan dan tingkat kepuasan pasien diet biasa dan lunak di ruang rawat inap RSAL dr. Mintohardjo. Universitas Binawan. http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/id/eprint/24270/1/Fikes_Gz_1605029001_Mahadiena%20almatin.Pdf
  19. Tanuwijaya, L. K., Sembiring, L. G., Dini, C. Y., Arfiani, E. P., & Wani, Y. A. (2018). Sisa makanan pasien rawat inap: Analisis kualitatif. Indonesian Journal of Human Nutrition, 5(1), 51–61. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.ijhn.2018.005.01.6

Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Repa Ghina Sonia, Betty Yosephin Simanjuntak, Desri Suryani
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: jurnal6121@gmail.com

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here