Effect of local food-based supplementary feeding on the improvement of nutritional status among pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency

St. Halimatusyaadiah* -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
Sudarmi Sudarmi -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
Baiq Yuni Fitri Hamidiyanti -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
Sumartini Sumartini -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Mataram, Mataram City, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
DOI : 10.30867/action.v11i2.3109

Maternal nutritional status during pregnancy plays a critical role in ensuring optimal maternal and fetal health. Improving the nutritional status of pregnant women is essential for preventing chronic energy deficiency (CED). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 30-day locally sourced supplementary feeding program on the nutritional status of pregnant women at the Moyo Hilir Community Health Center in Indonesia. A pre-experimental study employing a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted with 32 pregnant women. Nutritional status indicators were assessed before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results demonstrated that the locally sourced supplementary feeding program significantly improved nutritional status indicators and hemoglobin levels among pregnant women following the intervention (p = 0.001). The mean body weight increased from 47.70 ± 6.55 kg to 49.53 ± 6.73 kg. The mean mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) increased from 21.03 ± 0.67 cm to 23.11 ± 0.75 cm. The mean body mass index (BMI) increased from 19.57 ± 2.29 kg/m² to 21.15 ± 2.57 kg/m². Furthermore, the mean hemoglobin concentration increased from 10.67 ± 1.43 g/dL to 14.48 ± 19.47 g/dL following the intervention. In conclusion, the findings indicate that locally sourced supplementary food effectively improves the nutritional status of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency.

Keywords : Chronic energy deficiency, nutritional status, pregnant women, supplementary feeding, women’s health

  1. Anaemene, D., Olubiyi, E., Olutayo, K., Oly-Alawuba, N., & Ademiluyi, D. (2025). Effect of two nutritional based strategies on the weight and CD4 status of underweight persons living positive in a South-Western town, Nigeria. NIPES Journal of Science and Technology Research, 7(1), 255–264.
  2. Aryanti, F. D., Luailiya, N., Misrochah, N., Patmawati, N. K., Christiana, E. B., & Hasanah, M. (2024). Penilaian status gizi, edukasi dan pengenalan inovasi pangan sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting pada ibu hamil di Desa Rejosari Kabupaten Demak. Jurnal Pengabdian KOLABORATIF, 2(2), 56–69. https://doi.org/10.26623/jpk.v2i2.9613
  3. Aulia, D., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Abidin, F. A. (2024). Gambaran gaya hidup sehat dewasa Indonesia dalam perspektif sosiodemografi. Journal of Psychological Science and Profession, 8(2), 168–176.
  4. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Persentase bayi usia kurang dari 6 bulan yang mendapatkan ASI eksklusif menurut provinsi (persen), 2024. https://www.bps.go.id/id/statistics-table/2/MTM0MCMy/persentase-bayi-usia-kurang-dari-6-bulan-yang-mendapatkan-asi-eksklusif
  5. Chekol Abebe, E., Ayalew Tiruneh, G., Asmare Adela, G., Mengie Ayele, T., Tilahun Muche, Z., Behaile T/Mariam, A., Tilahun Mulu, A., & Asmamaw Dejenie, T. (2022). Levels and determinants of prenatal breastfeeding knowledge, attitude, and intention among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Northwest Ethiopia. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, Article 920355. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.920355
  6. Ciulei, M. A., Smith, E. R., Perumal, N., Jakazi, C. S., Sudfeld, C. R., & Gernand, A. D. (2023). Nutritious supplemental foods for pregnant women from food insecure settings: Types, nutritional composition, and relationships to health outcomes. Current Developments in Nutrition, 7(6), 100094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2023.100094
  7. Damayanti, M., Aminin, F., Mukodri, D. M. L., Saputri, N. A. S., Ikhwan, Z., Jasda, A., Jannah, R., Safitri, T., Putri, S. I., & Cintiani, J. C. (2025). Penguatan gizi ibu hamil melalui pemberian makanan tambahan lokal: Asistensi berbasis komunitas bagi ibu hamil dengan kekurangan energi kronis (KEK) di Kota Batam. J-ABDI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 121–130.
  8. Dasmasela, M. K., Hardinsyah, H., Dewi, M., Ekayanti, I., & Indrayana, I. (2025). Local food-based supplementation and behavior change communication improve mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in pregnant women: A community-based intervention study. Journal of Health and Nutrition Research, 4(3), 1122–1133. https://doi.org/10.56303/jhnresearch.v4i3.592
  9. Di Prima, S., Nguyen Dinh, D., Reurings, D. D., Wright, E. P., Essink, D., & Broerse, J. E. W. (2022). Home-grown school feeding: Implementation lessons from a pilot in a poor ethnic minority community in Vietnam. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 43(3), 271–302. https://doi.org/10.1177/03795721221088962
  10. Erina, T., Arisanti, A. Z., & Wulandari, R. C. L. (2025). Literature review: The relationship between chronic energy deficiency (CED) and the incidence of anemia in pregnant women. Viva Medika: Jurnal Kesehatan, Kebidanan dan Keperawatan, 18(1), 27–39. https://doi.org/10.35960/vm.v18i1.1389
  11. Fibrila, F., Herlina, H., Ridwan, M., & Harnanto, A. M. (2022). Faktor dominan penyebab kejadian kekurangan energi kronik pada ibu hamil. Jurnal Medikes (Media Informasi Kesehatan), 9(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.36743/medikes.v9i1.338
  12. Fitriani, F., Yarmaliza, Y., & Farisni, T. N. (2024). Analyzing the level of knowledge, food consumption diversity, and nutritional intake on chronic energy deficiency among pregnant women in stunting prevention. European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 6(2), 62–66. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2024.6.2.1939
  13. Harna, H., Rahmawati, R., Irawan, A. M. A., & Sa’pang, M. (2024). Prevalence and determinant factors of chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 9(1), 65–73. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v9i1.1443
  14. Hill, D. J., & Hill, T. G. (2024). Maternal diet during pregnancy and adaptive changes in the maternal and fetal pancreas have implications for future metabolic health. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 15, Article 1456629. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1456629
  15. Hoyert, D. L. (2024). Health E-stat: Maternal mortality rates in the United States, 2022. National Center for Health Statistics. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hestat/maternal-mortality/2022/maternal-mortality-rates-2022.htm
  16. Khayati, N., Punami, C. T., & Sevtiyani, I. (2025). Maternal mortality in Indonesia: What is the difference between 2019–2023? A health profile-based, geographical analysis. BIO Web of Conferences, 193, Article 00014. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202519300014
  17. Kshirsagar, N. S., & Kakade, S. V. (2024). Nutritional interventions in the prevention and treatment of anemias: A clinical review. Obstetrics & Gynaecology Forum, 34(3).
  18. Lubna, S., Kariny, E. J. A., Dari, W., & Sulistiawati, Y. (2024). The effect of supplementary feeding (PMT) of red bean extract on the body weight of pregnant women with chronic energy deficiency (CED) in the working area of Way Urang Health Center, South Lampung Regency. Jurnal EduHealth, 15(4), 1237–1247.
  19. Maryuni, M. (2024). Wanita dan kesehatan keluarga (N. Sulung, Ed.). Get Press Indonesia. https://repository.binawan.ac.id/3485/1/Wanita%20dan%20Kesehatan%20Keluarga.pdf
  20. Maslin, K., & Dean, C. (2022). Nutritional consequences and management of hyperemesis gravidarum: A narrative review. Nutrition Research Reviews, 35(2), 308–318. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422421000305
  21. Meilinasari, M., Marbun, R. M., Sa’diah, M. K., Rabbani, F. D., & Mulyo, G. P. E. (2024). The relationship between energy, nutrient intake, and occupational status with chronic energy deficiency (CED) in pregnant women. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan, 34(3), 492–503.
  22. Mudlikah, S., & Wiliyanarti, P. F. (2024). Supplementation with sweet corn for weight gain in pregnant women. MEDISAINS: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Kesehatan, 22(3), 157–161. https://doi.org/10.30595/medisains.v22i3.24490
  23. Nyamete, F., Majaliwa, N., & Chove, L. (2024). Food-based intervention for boosting micronutrient status and health: A comprehensive review. World, 8(1), 23–34.
  24. Puskesmas Moyo Hilir. (2024). Laporan Puskesmas tahun 2023. Puskesmas Moyo Hilir.
  25. Salwa Syifa Kamila, N., Maulina, R., Sumiyarsi Sukamto, I., Nugraheni, A., & Nilam Sari, A. (2024). Hubungan antara pengetahuan ibu hamil trimester pertama dan niat menyusui secara eksklusif di Puskesmas Grogol. Journal of Midwifery Science and Women’s Health, 4.
  26. Satu Data NTB. (2024). Data ibu hamil usia 15–49 tahun dengan kekurangan energi kronis (KEK). Pemerintah Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. https://data.ntbprov.go.id/dataset/9f1f4427-32d0-4bf2-a36b-0edc69452fb2/show
  27. Soofi, S. B., Khan, G. N., Ariff, S., Ihtesham, Y., Tanimoune, M., Rizvi, A., Sajid, M., Garzon, C., de Pee, S., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2022). Effectiveness of nutritional supplementation during the first 1000 days of life to reduce child undernutrition: A cluster randomized controlled trial in Pakistan. The Lancet Regional Health – Southeast Asia, 4, Article 100035. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100035
  28. Tummolo, A., Carella, R., De Giovanni, D., Paterno, G., Simonetti, S., Tolomeo, M., Leone, P., & Barile, M. (2023). Micronutrient deficiency in inherited metabolic disorders requiring diet regimen: A brief critical review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(23), 17024. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242317024

Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 St. Halimatussyaadiah, Sudarmi, Baiq Yuni Fitri Hamidiyanti, Sumartini
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: jurnal6121@gmail.com

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here