Changes in nutritional status among children aged 11–59 months participating in a local food-based supplementary feeding program in Sebangki Subdistrict

Wahyu Aulia Hasibuan* -  Faculty of Health and Science, Batam International University, Riau Islands, Indonesia
Praningrum Kinasih -  Faculty of Health and Science, Batam International University, Riau Islands, Indonesia
Miftahul Jannah -  Faculty of Health and Science, Batam International University, Riau Islands, Indonesia
Afifa Naura Harahap -  Faculty of Public Health, Institut Kesehatan Helvetia, Medan, Indonesia
DOI : 10.30867/action.v11i3.3333

Undernutrition among children under five years of age remains a major public health challenge in Indonesia. The Local Food-Based Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) is a government intervention aimed at improving child nutritional status. This study described changes in the nutritional status of children aged 11–59 months who participated in the program in Sebangki Subdistrict, Landak Regency. This retrospective, secondary-data, pre–post evaluation used a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were drawn from the 2023 PMT program records collected between December 2023 and March 2024 in the working area of Sebangki Community Health Center, Landak Regency, West Kalimantan. The study included 91 children aged 11–59 months, selected through total sampling. Nutritional status was assessed using weight-for-age (WAZ) and weight-for-height (WHZ) z-scores, which were analyzed descriptively as frequencies and percentages. Results based on WAZ showed that severely underweight children decreased from 12.1% to 4.4% and underweight from 87.9% to 63.7%, while 31.9% became normal weight. Based on WHZ, wasting decreased from 29.7% to 14.3%, whereas the normal status increased from 70.3% to 85.7%. In conclusion, program participation was accompanied by favorable changes in nutritional status based on WAZ and WHZ. As this pre–post evaluation lacked a comparison group, findings should be interpreted descriptively rather than as evidence of program effectiveness.

Keywords : Children under five, local foods, nutritional status, supplementary feeding, wasting

  1. Alfi, N. J., Ismaniar, & Putri, L. D. (2025). Upaya berbagai pihak dalam mengatasi gizi buruk untuk mewujudkan generasi emas pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Dirgantara, 2(4), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.61132/jupendir.v2i4.805
  2. Amadou, I., & Lawali, S. (2022). Smart management of malnutrition using local foods: A sustainable initiative for developing countries. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 6, Article 725536. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.725536
  3. Andriani, H., Friska, E., Arsyi, M., Sutrisno, A. E., Waits, A., & Rahmawati, N. D. (2023). A multilevel analysis of the triple burden of malnutrition in Indonesia: Trends and determinants from repeated cross-sectional surveys. BMC Public Health, 23, Article 1836. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16728-y
  4. Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2024). Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) 2023 dalam angka. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/repositori/id/eprint/5539/
  5. Barbazza, S., Weber, A. M., Fauzi, M. D., Rachmadewi, A., Zuhrina, R., Putri, F., Campos Ponce, M., van der Hoeven, M., Fortin, S., Rimbawan, Nasution, Z., Giriwono, P. E., Wieringa, F. T., Soekarjo, D. D., & Ryan, E. P. (2026). Inclusion of stabilised rice bran in ready-to-use therapeutic food supports growth in Indonesian children with severe and moderate acute malnutrition: Solutions to enhance health with alternative treatments (SEHAT), a double-blinded, randomised clinical trial. Journal of Nutritional Science, 15, e13. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2025.10074
  6. Bless, L., Al-Faida, N., & Lambey, A. D. (2024). The effect of providing additional food (PMT) local food on the nutritional status of toddlers aged 12–59 months in the work area of Siriwini Community Health Center. International Journal of Public Health, 1(4), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijph.v1i4.199
  7. Cichon, B., Das, J. K., Salam, R. A., Padhani, Z. A., Stobaugh, H. C., Mughal, M., Pajak, P., Rutishauser-Perera, A., Bhutta, Z. A., & Black, R. E. (2023). Effectiveness of dietary management for moderate wasting among children >6 months of age: A systematic review and meta-analysis exploring different types, quantities, and durations. Nutrients, 15(5), Article 1076. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15051076
  8. Damayanti, M., Aminin, F., Jannah, R., Mukodri, D. M. L., Saputri, N. A. S., Jasda, A., Ikhwan, Z., Safitri, T., Putri, S. I., & Cintiani, J. C. (2025). Efektifitas pemberian makanan tambahan lokal (PMT) terhadap kesejahteraan ibu hamil: Literature review. Jurnal SAGO Gizi dan Kesehatan, 6(2), 334–344. https://doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v6i2.2415
  9. Dina, R. A., Dewi, M., Nurdin, N. M., & Yudha, E. P. (2025). Optimizing local food systems for public health: insights from distribution and consumption challenges in East Kalimantan. The Open Public Health Journal, 18. https://doi.org/10.2174/0118749445387804250602113157
  11. Direktorat Jenderal Kesehatan Masyarakat. (2023). Petunjuk teknis pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) berbahan pangan lokal untuk balita dan ibu hamil. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. https://kesmas.kemkes.go.id/assets/uploads/contents/others/20230516_Juknis_Tatalaksana_Gizi_V18.pdf
  12. Hadju, V. A., Basri K., S., Aulia, U., & Mahdang, P. A. (2023). Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) lokal terhadap perubahan status gizi balita. Gema Wiralodra, 14(1), 105–111. https://doi.org/10.31943/gw.v14i1.359
  13. Hasibuan, W. A., Jannah, M., Kinasih, P., & Zetta, A. P. (2025). Maternal weight gain during the third trimester as a risk factor for low birth weight: A case–control study in Solok, West Sumatera. Journal of Nutrition Research in Sustainable Health, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37253/nurish.v1i1.11763
  14. Imeldawati, R. (2025). Dampak terjadinya stunting terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak: Literature review. Jurnal Medika Nusantara, 3(1), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.59680/medika.v3i1.1632
  15. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 tentang standar antropometri anak. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/152505/permenkes-no-2-tahun-2020
  16. Kinasih, P., & Jannah, M. (2026). Narrative review: Ultra-processed foods and the risk of metabolic syndrome. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 11(1), 329–338. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v11i1.3017
  17. Lelijveld, N., Beedle, A., Farhikhtah, A., Elrayah, E. E., Bourdaire, J., & Aburto, N. (2020). Systematic review of the treatment of moderate acute malnutrition using food products. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 16(1), e12898. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12898
  18. Maku, K. R. M., Wonga, M. T., Ngeo, M. Y., & Ninu, M. (2025). Pengaruh asupan gizi terhadap perkembangan anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 2(4), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.47134/paud.v2i4.1986
  19. Mericq, V., Martinez-Aguayo, A., Uauy, R., Iñiguez, G., van der Steen, M., & Hokken-Koelega, A. (2017). Long-term metabolic risk among children born premature or small for gestational age. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 13(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2016.127
  20. Mutunga, M., Frison, S., Rava, M., & Bahwere, P. (2020). The forgotten agenda of wasting in Southeast Asia: Burden, determinants and overlap with stunting—A review of nationally representative cross-sectional demographic and health surveys in six countries. Nutrients, 12(2), Article 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12020559
  21. Nadimin. (2022). Pemberian makanan tambahan subtitusi tepung ikan gabus (PMT-tibus) dalam meningkatkan status gizi anak balita. AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal, 7(1), 61–68. https://doi.org/10.30867/action.v7i1.613
  22. Ningtiyas, L. K. (2026). The effectiveness of the supplementary feeding program (PMT) on the nutritional status of children under five in the working area of Mekar Sari Public Health Center. Journal for Research in Public Health, 7(2), 39–43. https://doi.org/10.30994/jrph.v7i2.118
  23. Novia, R., Setiawan, B., & Marliyati, S. A. (2023). Protein quality of ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) bar product for children under five years with severe acute malnutrition. Media Gizi Indonesia, 18(2), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v18i2.142-149
  24. O’Donovan, G., Allen, D., Nkosi-Gondwe, T., Anujuo, K., Abera, M., Kirolos, A., Olga, L., Thompson, D., McKenzie, K., Wimborne, E., Cole, T. J., Koulman, A., Lelijveld, N., Crampin, A. C., Opondo, C., & Kerac, M. (2025). Weight gain among children under five with severe malnutrition in therapeutic feeding programmes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 81, Article 103083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103083
  25. Padhani, Z. A., Cichon, B., Das, J. K., Salam, R. A., Stobaugh, H. C., Mughal, M., Rutishauser-Perera, A., Black, R. E., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2023). Systematic review of management of moderate wasting in children over 6 months of age. Nutrients, 15(17), Article 3781. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173781
  26. Sari, N. P., Yuniarti, Y., Hipni, R., & Rafidah, R. (2025). Pengaruh pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) lokal pada balita dengan berat badan kurang (underweight) terhadap kenaikan berat badan balita di Puskesmas Tajau Pecah tahun 2024. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai, 6(1), 2084–2094. https://doi.org/10.31004/jkt.v6i1.41069
  27. Tan, P. Y., Chan, C. L., Som, S. V., Dye, L., Moore, J. B., Caton, S., & Gong, Y. Y. (2025). Prevalence and key determinants of the triple burden of childhood malnutrition in Southeast Asian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis within an adapted socio-ecological framework. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 65(28), 5683–5697. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2024.2419539
  28. Trisnawati, E., Widyastutik, O., Suryadi, E., Alamsyah, D., Budiastutik, I., & Ruhama’, U. (2024). The stunting determinants in toddlers from Landak Regency, West Kalimantan: A cross-sectional study. Amerta Nutrition, 8(1SP), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i1SP.2024.61-69
  29. United Nations Children’s Fund. (2023). The state of the world’s children 2023: For every child, vaccination. https://www.unicef.org/reports/state-worlds-children-2023
  30. United Nations Children’s Fund, World Health Organization, & World Bank Group. (2023). Levels and trends in child malnutrition: UNICEF/WHO/World Bank Group joint child malnutrition estimates—Key findings of the 2023 edition. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240073791
  31. Usada, N. K., Wanodya, K. S., & Trisna, N. (2021). Analisis spasial gizi kurang balita di Kota Tangerang tahun 2019. Jurnal Biostatistik, Kependudukan, dan Informatika Kesehatan, 2(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.51181/bikfokes.v2i1.4740
  32. Yahdillah, H., Diana, F. M., & Helmizar, H. (2024). The organoleptic test and nutrient analysis of buffalo milk-based nuggets with the addition of bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) as additional foods growing toddlers. Amerta Nutrition, 8(2), 269–277. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v8i2.2024.269-277
  33. Yunus, M., & Pratiwi, N. K. A. (2023). Prediksi status gizi balita dengan algoritma K-nearest neighbor (KNN) di Puskemas Cakranegara. JTIM: Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Multimedia, 4(4), 221–231. https://doi.org/10.35746/jtim.v4i4.328

Open Access Copyright (c) 2026 Wahyu Aulia Hasibuan, Praningrum Kinasih, Miftahul Jannah, Afifa Naura Harahap
Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

AcTion: Aceh Nutrition Journal
Published by: Department of Nutrition at the Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Ministry of Health.
Soekarno-Hatta Street, No. 168. Health Polytechnic of Aceh, Aceh Besar, 23352. Telp/Fax: 0651 46126 / 0651 46121.
Website: https://gizipoltekkesaceh.ac.id/
E-mail: jurnal6121@gmail.com

e-issn: 2548-5741, p-issn: 2527-3310

All content is licensed under a: Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International License

View My Stats

Get a feed by atom here, RRS2 here and OAI Links here