Faktor risiko kejadian stunting pada balita usia 12–59 bulan di kota banjarbaru: studi kasus-kontrol

Author(s): Rahmat Hidayat, Dicky Septiannoor Khaira, Putri Kartika Sari, Andri Nur Rahman, Puspawati Puspawati
DOI: 10.30867/gikes.v6i3.2460

Abstract

Background: Stunting is a growth failure condition in toddlers caused by chronic malnutrition, impacting physical and cognitive development as well as national productivity. In Banjarbaru City, stunting prevalence significantly decreased from 22,1% to 10,3% in 2023, likely due to factors such as high exclusive breastfeeding coverage, good maternal nutritional status, and adequate access to health services and sanitation.

Objective: To analyze factors influencing the reduction of stunting in Banjarbaru City to support effective stunting prevention policies.

Methods: The study was conducted in six public health center working areas with the lowest performance in Banjarbaru City in April 2024. This retrospective population-based case-control study involved children aged 12 to 59 months with stunting as cases and normal children as controls. Sample size was calculated using OpenEpi with a total of 78 samples in a 1:2 ratio. Cluster random sampling was used, and data were analyzed using chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact test when chi-square assumptions were not met.

Results: The study found that only maternal anemia during pregnancy showed a significant association with stunting after controlling for other variables, with more than six times increased risk (aOR=6,54; 95% CI: 1,79–23,92; p=0,004). This indicates that maternal anemia is the dominant risk factor influencing stunting incidence in Banjarbaru.

Conclusion: Maternal anemia affects stunting occurrence in Banjarbaru City, with pregnant women without anemia having a 7,5 times greater chance of having children who are not stunted.s.

Keywords

Stunting, Maternal Anemia, Maternal Nutritional Status, Case-Control Study.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anggraini, Y., & Rusdi, P. H. N. (2020). Faktor Sanitasi Lingkungan Penyebab Stunting pada Balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Air Bangis Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Jurnal Riset Kebidanan Indonesia, 4(1), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.32536/jrki.v4i1.78

Ariani, A. P. (2017). Ilmu Gizi : Dilengkapi Dengan Standar Penilaian Status Gizi dan Daftar Komposisi Bahan Makanan (Cetakan 1). Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.

Aritonang, E. A., Margawati, A., & Dieny, F. F. (2020). Analisis Pengeluaran Pangan, Ketahanan Pangan Dan Asupan Zat Gizi Anak Bawah Dua Tahun (Baduta) Sebagai Faktor Risiko Stunting. Journal of Nutrition College, 9(1), 71–80. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v9i1.26584

Asiah, A., Yogisutanti, G., & Purnawan, A. I. (2020). Asupan Mikronutrien Dan Riwayat Penyakit Infeksi Pada Balita Stunting Di Uptd Puskesmas Limbangan Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaten Sukabumi. Journal of Nutrition College, 9(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v9i1.24647

Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2022). Hasil Survei Status Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) 2022. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. (2018). Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan.

Beal, T., Tumilowicz, A., Sutrisna, A., Izwardy, D., & Neufeld, L. M. (2018). A Review Of Child Stunting Determinants In Indonesia. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12617

Damayanti, R. A., Muniroh, L., & Farapti, F. (2016). Perbedaan Tingkat Kecukupan Zat Gtrizi dan Riwayat Pemberian ASI Eksklusif Pada Balita Stunting dan Non Stunting. Media Gizi Indonesia, 11(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v11i1.61-69

Desyanti, C., & Nindya, T. S. (2017). Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Diare dan Praktik Higiene dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simolawang, Surabaya. Amerta Nutrition, 1(3), 243. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i3.6251

Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banjarbaru. (2023). Profil Kesehatan Kota Banjarbaru Tahun 2022. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Banjarbaru.

Fitri, L. (2018). Stunting Di Puskesmas Lima Puluh Pekanbaru. Jurnal Endurance, 3(1), 131–137.https://doi.org/10.22216/jen.v3i1.1767.

Hasandi, L. A., Maryanto, S., & Anugrah, R. M. (2019). Hubungan Usia Ibu Saat Hamil Dan Pemberian Asi Eksklusif Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Di Dusun Cemanggal Desa Munding Kabupaten Semarang. Jurnal Gizi Dan Kesehatan, 11(25), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.35473/jgk.v11i25.15

GBD 2015 LRI Collaborators. (2017). Estimates of the global, regional, and national morbidity, mortality, and aetiologies of lower respiratory tract infections in 195 countries: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(11), 1133–1161, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(17)303.

Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2017). Penilaian Status Gizi. Jakarta: Pusat Pendidikan Sumber Daya Manusia Kesehatan.

Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.

Khaira, D. S., Hidayat, R., & Ramadhani, A. (2024). Pengaruh Status Gizi Kehamilan, ASI Eksklusif, dan Imunisasi Dasar dengan Stunting Pasca Pandemi Covid-19 di Kabupaten Balangan. Afiasi: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 9(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.31943/afiasi.v9i1.349

Khaira, D. S., Widyaningsih, V., & Qadrijati, I. (2022). A Matched Case-Control: Effect of Early Initiation of Breast Feeding, Exclusive Breastfeeding, and Infectious Diseases on Stunting Incidence during the Covid-19 Pandemic in Balangan Regency. BIO Web of Conferences, 54, 00003. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20225400003

Khan, J. A., Iqbal, M. P., & Akram, R. (2020). Impact of stunting on cognitive development, school achievement, and health outcomes: A systematic review. Nutrients, 12(6), 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061759

Matsungo, T. M., Kruger, H. S., Smuts, C. M., & Faber, M. (2017). Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplements and Linear Growth in Children Under 2 Years: A Review. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 76(4), 580–588. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665117000283

Millward, D. J. (2017). Nutrition, infection and stunting: the roles of deficiencies of individual nutrients and foods, and of inflammation, as determinants of reduced linear growth of children. Nutrition Research Reviews, 30(1), 50–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422416000238

Mirza, M. M., Sunarti, S., & Handayani, L. (2023). Pengaruh Status Gizi Ibu Hamil terhadap Kejadian Stunting: Studi Literatur. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia, 18(2), 22. https://doi.org/10.26714/jkmi.18.2.2023.22-27

Mohammed, S. H., Larijani, B., & Esmaillzadeh, A. (2019). Concurrent Anemia and Stunting in Young Children: Prevalence, Dietary and Non-Dietary Associated Factors. Nutrition Journal, 18(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0436-4

Mulyaningsih, T., Mohanty, I., Widyaningsih, V., Gebremedhin, T. A., Miranti, R., & Wiyono, V. H. (2021). Beyond personal factors: Multilevel determinants of childhood stunting in Indonesia. PLOS ONE, 16(11), e0260265. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260265

Murti, F. C., Suryati, S., & Oktavianto, E. (2020). Hubungan Berat Badan Lahir Rendah (BBLR) Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita Usia 2-5 Tahun Di Desa Umburejo Kecamatan Ponjong Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, 16(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.26753/jikk.v16i2.419

Nadhiroh, S. R., Micheala, F., Tung, S. E. H., & Kustiawan, T. C. (2023). Association Between Maternal Anemia and Stunting in Infants and Children Aged 0–60 Months: A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrition, 115, 112094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2023.112094

Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 Tentang Standar Antropometri Anak, Pub. L. No. 2 (2020).

Pratama, B., Angraini, D. I., & Nisa, K. (2019). Penyebab Langsung (Immediate Cause) yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Stunting pada Anak. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada, 8(2), 299–303. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v10i2.167

Pratiwi, A. M. (2019). Patologi Kehamilan: Memahami Berbagai Penyakit dan Komplikasi Kehamilan. Pustaka Baru.

Probandari, A. N., Pamungkasari, E. P., Febrinasari, R. P., Sumardiyono, & Widyaningsih, V. (2020). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif : Strategi Menulis Proposal Penelitian Kesehatan (Hartono (ed.); Edisi I). UNS Press.

Penning de Vries, B. B. L., & Groenwold, R. H. H. (2022). Identification of causal effects in case-control studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 22(7), 10-20, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-021-01484-7

Rueda-Guevara, P., Botero-Tovar, N., Trujillo, K. M., & Ramírez, A. (2021). Worldwide evidence about infant stunting from a public health perspective: A systematic review. Biomedica, 41(3), 6017–6554. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.6017.

Scale, R. (2018). Hubungan Status Kek Ibu Hamil Dan BBLR Dengan Kejadian Stunting Pada Balita. Nilfar Ruaida, Octovina Soumokil, 9(2), 45–51.

Setiawan, E., Machmud, R., & Masrul, M. (2018). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Anak Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Andalas Kecamatan Padang Timur Kota Padang Tahun 2018. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(2), 275. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v7.i2.p275-284.2018

Soliman, A., De Sanctis, V., Alaaraj, N., Ahmed, S., Alyafei, F., Hamed, N., & Soliman, N. (2021). Early and Long-term Consequences of Nutritional Stunting: From Childhood to Adulthood. Acta Biomedica, 92(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v92i1.11346

Sukmawati, S., Hendrayati, H., Chaerunnimah, C., & Nurhumaira, N. (2018). Status Gizi Ibu Saat Hamil, Berat Badan Lahir Bayi Dengan Stunting Pada Balita Usia 06-36 Bulan Di Puskesmas Bontoa. Media Gizi Pangan, 25(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.32382/mgp.v25i1.55

Vriarindani, A. (2023). Faktor-faktor Pencegahan Stunting Dengan Mempersiapkan 1000 HPK (Hari Pertama Kehidupan): Systematic Review. Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako, 9(3), 313–321. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22487/htj.v9i3.925

Waryana. (2020). Pengaruh Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Penanggulangan KEP di Kecamatan Srandakan Kabupaten

Bantul, Yogyakarta. Nutrire Diaita, 12(2), 36–44.

Yuana, N., Larasati, T., & Berawi, K. N. (2021). Analisis Multilevel Faktor Resiko Stunting di Indonesia: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur. Jurnal Aisyah : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 6(2), 213–217. https://doi.org/10.30604/jika.v6i2.510

Yuniar, W. P., Khomsan, A., Dewi, M., Ekawidyani, K. R., & Mauludyani, A. V. R. (2020). Hubungan antara Perilaku Gizi dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dengan Status Gizi Baduta Di Kabupaten Cirebon. Amerta Nutrition, 4(2), 155. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v4i2.2020.155-164

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v6i3.2460

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.