Kurang konsumsi buah dan sayur sebagai faktor dominan hipertensi pada dewasa muda usia 25-34 tahun di Jawa Barat: Analisis data sekunder SKI 2023

Author(s): Layra Azkadzkiya Arradhin, Sandra Fikawati, Khoirul Anwar, Wahyu Kurnia Yusrin Putra
DOI: 10.30867/gikes.v7i1.2710

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure above the normal limit. Current data reveal an increasing prevalence of hypertension among young adults in Indonesia; however, many remain unaware of the condition, resulting in uncontrolled hypertension. Hypertension in young adults is associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases and cognitive impairment in middle age.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of hypertension and identify the dominant factors associated with hypertension among young adults aged 25–34 years in West Java Province in 2023.

Methods: This study was conducted cross-sectionally using secondary data from SKI 2023 with a sample of 6,105 young adults aged 25-34 years in West Java. As secondary data were used, this study was limited to the variables available in the SKI dataset. Data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate analysis with the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.

Results: Approximately 18.9% of young adults in West Java have hypertension. Multivariate analysis showed that low fruit and vegetable consumption was the dominant factor of hypertension among young adults aged 25–34 years in West Java Province in 2023, with an OR of 2.741 (95% CI: 1.449 – 5,182). However, the wide confidence interval indicates a limitation in the precision of the estimate. In addition, 98.3% of young adults aged 25–34 years in West Java were found to have insufficient fruit and vegetable intake.

Conclusion: Adequate daily consumption of fruits and vegetables is important in preventing hypertension among young adults. Health campaigns in the workplace or collaborations with digital platforms for nutrition education are needed to create an environment that supports fruit and vegetable consumption behaviors.

Keywords

25-34 years old, fruit and vegetable consumption, hypertension, risk factor, West Java, young adults

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anwar, R. (2014). Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur serta Konsumsi Susu sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Hipertensi di Puskesmas S. Parman Kota Banjarmasin. Jurnal Skala Kesehatan, 5(1).

Al Rahmad, A. H., & Shavira, N. (2024). Media motion graphic empat pilar gizi seimbang meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu balita. Jurnal Riset Gizi, 12(2), 183-189.

Asri, I. P., Pitriani Salamah, N., Maryanah Putri, A., Putri Nabila E, S., Khairunnisa, A., Afifah, F., & Kusumastuti, I. (2022). Analisis Faktor Risiko Kejadian Hipertensi di Wilayah Kota Depok. Journal of Public Health Education, 1(3), 170–184. https://doi.org/10.53801/jphe.v1i3.51

Astuti, R. S. (2016). Asupan Sayur dan Buah merupakan Faktor Dominan Hipertensi pada Pegawai Kantor Pusat PT. Pos Indonesia Jakarta 2016 [Skripsi]. Universitas Indonesia.

Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2023a). Laporan Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) dalam Angka.

Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2023b). Pedoman Analisis Data SKI 2023.

Badan Kebijakan Pembangunan Kesehatan. (2023c). Pedoman Pengisian Kuesioner Survei Kesehatan Indonesia 2023.

Chan, R. J., Parikh, N., Ahmed, S., Ruzicka, M., & Hiremath, S. (2024). Blood Pressure Control Should Focus on More Potassium: Controversies in Hypertension. Hypertension, 81(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.20545

De Deus Mendonça, R., Souza Lopes, A. C., Pimenta, A. M., Gea, A., Martinez-Gonzalez, M. A., & Bes-Rastrollo, M. (2017). Ultra-processed food consumption and the Incidence of hypertension in a mediterranean cohort: The seguimiento universidad de navarra project. American Journal of Hypertension, 30(4), 358–366. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpw137

De Ramirez, S. S., Enquobahrie, D. A., Nyadzi, G., Mjungu, D., Magombo, F., Ramirez, M., Sachs, S. E., & Willett, W. (2010). Prevalence and Correlates of Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Rural Populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Human Hypertension, 24(12), 786–795. https://doi.org/10.1038/jhh.2010.14

De Venecia, T., Lu, M., & Figueredo, V. M. (2016). Hypertension in young adults. In Postgraduate Medicine (Vol. 128, Issue 2, pp. 201–207). Taylor and Francis Inc. https://doi.org/10.1080/00325481.2016.1147927

Devirgiliis, C., Guberti, E., Mistura, L., & Raffo, A. (2024). Effect of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption on Human Health: An Update of the Literature. Foods, 13(19), 3149. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13193149

Ferrani, S., Sartika, R. A. D., Sudiarti, T., & Sari, K. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Kelompok Usia 25-34 Tahun di Provinsi Jawa Barat (Data Sekunder Riskesdas 2018) [Skripsi]. Universitas Indonesia.

Grillo, A., Salvi, L., Coruzzi, P., Salvi, P., & Parati, G. (2019). Sodium intake and hypertension. Nutrients, 11(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11091970

Hadiputra, Y., & Nugroho, P. S. (2020). Hubungan Obesitas Umum dan Obesitas Sentral dengan Kejadian Hipertensi di Puskesmas Palaran. Borneo Student Research, 1(2).

Husain, K., Ansari, R. A., & Ferder, L. (2014). Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanism and prevention. World Journal of Cardiology, 6(5), 245. https://doi.org/10.4330/wjc.v6.i5.245

Iqbal, A. M., & Jamal, S. F. (2023). Essential Hypertension. StatPearls Publishing.

Irwan, Kadir, S., & Ain, N. (2024). Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Perilaku Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur. Journal Health & Science: Gorontalo Journal Health and Science Community, 8(2). https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/gojhes/index

Istiana, D., Purqoti, D. N. S., Musmuliadin, M., Rispawati, B. H., Romadhonika, F., & Dingle, K. (2022). The Relationship between Physical Activity and the Incidence of Hypertension at the Work Area of the Ampenan Health Center. STRADA Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan, 11(1), 45–50. https://doi.org/10.30994/sjik.v11i1.884

Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2014). Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 41 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Gizi Seimbang.

Khasanah, D. N. (2022). The Risk Factors of Hypertension in Indonesia (Data Study Of Indonesian Family Life Survey 5). Journal of Public Health Research and Community Health Development, 5(2), 80. https://doi.org/10.20473/jphrecode.v5i2.27923

Kim, J., & Kim, J. (2018). Association between Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 118(8), 1438-1449.e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.122

Lu, X., Juon, H. S., He, X., Dallal, C. M., Wang, M. Q., & Lee, S. (2019). The Association Between Perceived Stress and Hypertension Among Asian Americans: Does Social Support and Social Network Make a Difference? Journal of Community Health, 44(3), 451–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-018-00612-7

Luehrs, R. E., Zhang, D., Pierce, G. L., Jacobs, D. R., Kalhan, R., & Whitaker, K. M. (2021). Cigarette smoking and longitudinal associations with blood pressure: The cardia study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019566

Makalew, G. F., Katuuk, M. E., & Bidjuni, H. J. (2023). Faktor Risiko Peningkatan Tekanan Darah pada Kelompok Usia 17-35 Tahun Di Desa Waleo Dua. Jurnal Keperawatan, 11(1), 34–45.

Meher, M., Pradhan, S., & Pradhan, S. R. (2023). Risk Factors Associated With Hypertension in Young Adults: A Systematic Review. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.37467

Nuradina, R. A. A., Lestari, W. A., & Arumsari, I. (2023). Status Gizi Lebih dan Asupan Natrium Tinggi Meningkatkan Risiko Hipertensi pada Remaja: Studi Kasus-Kontrol di Perkotaan. Amerta Nutrition, 7(2), 274–278.

P2PTM Kemenkes RI. (2019, May 13). Faktor risiko penyebab Hipertensi. https://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/infographic-p2ptm/hipertensi-penyakit-jantung-%09dan-pembuluh-darah/faktor-risiko-penyebab-hipertensi

Pari, S. M., Memarian, M., & Eskandarian, R. (2024). Antioxidant therapy for hypertension; a mini-review on the recent findings. In Journal of Nephropharmacology (Vol. 13, Issue 2). Society of Diabetic Nephropathy Prevention. https://doi.org/10.34172/npj.2024.12694

Saputri, M. I., Muniroh, L., & Paramita, S. (2020). Correlation between Fat Consumption, Smoking Habit, and Stress with Hypertension among Drivers. Media Gizi Indonesia (National Nutrition Journal). 2020, 15(3), 152–158. https://doi.org/10.204736/mgi.v15i3

Shariq, O. A., & Mckenzie, T. J. (2020). Obesity-related hypertension: A review of pathophysiology, management, and the role of metabolic surgery. Gland Surgery, 9(1), 80–93. https://doi.org/10.21037/gs.2019.12.03

Unger, T., Borghi, C., Charchar, F., Khan, N. A., Poulter, N. R., Prabhakaran, D., Ramirez, A., Schlaich, M., Stergiou, G. S., Tomaszewski, M., Wainford, R. D., Williams, B., & Schutte, A. E. (2020). 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines. Hypertension, 75(6), 1334–1357. https://doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15026

Venkatesh, U., Grover, A., Vignitha, B., Ghai, G., Malhotra, S., Kishore, J., Jaswal, N., Yashwanth, R. D., Durga, R., Goel, S., & Kishore, S. (2022). Urban–rural disparities in blood pressure and lifestyle risk factors of hypertension among Indian individuals. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 11(9), 5746–5756. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_573_22

WHO. (2023, March 16). Hypertension. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hypertension

Zhao, Y., Feng, Y., Zeng, Y., Di, W., Luo, X., Wu, X., Guan, R., Xu, L., Yang, X., Li, Y., Wu, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Li, X., Qin, P., Hu, F., Hu, D., Li, H., & Zhang, M. (2023). Sugar intake and risk of hypertension: a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis of cohort and cross-sectional studies. In Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition. Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2023.2213330

Zheng, C., Wang, Z., Wang, X., Chen, Z., Zhang, L., Kang, Y., Yang, Y., Jiang, L., & Gao, R. (2020). Social determinants status and hypertension: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study in China. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 22(11), 2128–2136. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.14023

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v7i1.2710

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.