Pengaruh ekstrak rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) terhadap mortalitas larva Aedes albopictus

Author(s): Andi Rizka Fauziah, Agnes Immanuella Toemon, Hanasia Hanasia, Indria Augustiana, Arini Ratnasari
DOI: 10.30867/gikes.v7i2.3061

Abstract

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), transmitted through of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Larval control is essential to break transmission. One environmentally friendly alternative is natural larvicides. Temulawak rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) contains active compounds such as saponins, tanins, alkaloids, and flavonoids with potential as plant-based larvicides.

Objectives: To evaluate the larvicidal effectiveness of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizome extract against third-instar Aedes albopictus larvae.

Methods: This study used a quantitative true experimental design with a post-test only control group. Samples were selected through purposive sampling. Temulawak rhizome extract was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. Larvae were tested at five concentrations (0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, and 1.5%) with observations at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test, Mann–Whitney post-hoc test, and probit analysis to determine LC₅₀, LC₉₀, LT₅₀, and LT₉₀. The preparation of Curcuma xanthorrhiza rhizome extract was conducted at the Biomedical Laboratory I, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Palangka Raya, while larvicidal testing was performed at the Public Health Laboratory Center, Tanah Bumbu, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, from July to October 2025.

Results: Larval mortality increased with higher concentrations and longer exposure. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed significant differences among treatments (p < 0.05). LC₅₀ was 0.614% and LC₉₀ was 1.459%, while LT₅₀ was 5.613 hours and LT₉₀ was 15.102 hours. Active metabolites are presumed to contribute to larval mortality.

Conclusion:  Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizome extract demonstrated effective larvicidal activity against third-instar Aedes albopictus larvae, with efficacy increasing according to extract concentration and exposure time. These findings provide scientific evidence supporting the potential use of C. xanthorrhiza as an environmentally friendly plant-based larvicide and contribute to the development of sustainable alternative strategies for dengue vector control.

Keywords

Aedes albopictus, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Temulawak Rhizome

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v7i2.3061

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