Efektivitas diet DASH dan modifikasinya dalam menurunkan tekanan darah pada orang dewasa dengan hipertensi: tinjauan sistematis

Author(s): Arum Laksmita Dewi, Erna Kusuma Wati, Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki
DOI: 10.30867/gikes.v7i2.3343

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and requires long-term management. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended as a non-pharmacological intervention; however, recent evidence regarding its various modifications has not been comprehensively synthesized. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the DASH diet in reducing blood pressure in adults with hypertension based on primary studies published between 2020 and 2025.

Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted from June 11 to 14, 2026, using MEDLINE (PubMed), Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect. English-language randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were independently selected by two reviewers for inclusion. The Risk of Bias was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were extracted and narratively synthesized owing to study heterogeneity. The review protocol was not registered prior to the study.

Results: Eight studies, including five randomized controlled trials and three quasi-experimental studies, were included. Seven studies reported significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure following the DASH diet intervention, whereas one study found no significant difference compared with the control group. Greater blood pressure reductions tended to occur in interventions that combined the DASH diet with sodium restriction, time-restricted eating, or modification of specific dietary components.

Conclusion: The DASH diet has the potential to reduce systolic and diastolic blood pressure in adults with hypertension. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the heterogeneity in study design, population characteristics, intervention approaches, and methodological quality.

Keywords

Blood pressure, DASH diet, hypertension, systematic review

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References

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30867/gikes.v7i2.3343

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